Gambaran Kekuasaan dalam Perusahaan Bisnis: Studi Literatur

Muhammad Fatih Yuan Akmal; Anindya Najwa Rahman; Tania Ivone Florina

doi:10.47134/pjp.v3i3.5720

Authors

Muhammad Fatih Yuan Akmal Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Anindya Najwa Rahman Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Tania Ivone Florina Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/pjp.v3i3.5720

Keywords:

Kekuasaan Organisasi, Basis Kekuasaan Sosial, Organisasi Bisnis, Tinjauan Pustaka, Dinamika Kekuasaan

Abstract

Kekuasaan merupakan fenomena fundamental yang melekat dalam setiap organisasi bisnis modern, namun sintesis sistematis mengenai berbagai bentuk dan dampaknya masih terbatas, terutama dalam konteks budaya Asia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara sistematis gambaran kekuasaan pada perusahaan bisnis berdasarkan 30 artikel yang diterbitkan antara 2015 hingga 2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) mengacu pada panduan PRISMA, dengan pencarian dilakukan melalui Google Scholar, Scopus, dan Science Direct menggunakan kata kunci "organizational power", "bases of social power", dan "power dynamics". Melalui analisis tematik dan deskriptif, ditemukan empat tema dominan: (1) jenis dan basis kekuasaan, di mana Social Power Bases Theory French dan Raven (1959) mendominasi 73% literatur; (2) dampak kekuasaan terhadap kinerja organisasional, dengan expert power dan referent power secara konsisten berasosiasi positif dengan kinerja, kreativitas, dan komitmen karyawan, sementara coercive power berdampak negatif terhadap kepuasan kerja; (3) kekuasaan dalam hubungan bisnis antar organisasi, di mana distribusi kekuasaan yang seimbang terbukti mengoptimalkan kinerja jaringan; serta (4) kekuasaan dalam konteks transformasi digital yang menghadirkan basis kekuasaan baru berbasis penguasaan data dan kompetensi teknologi. Konteks budaya lokal dan transformasi digital terbukti menjadi faktor moderator yang signifikan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas kekuasaan bergantung pada jenisnya, konteks budaya, dan era digital, dengan implikasi praktis bagi pemimpin organisasi untuk mengutamakan kekuasaan berbasis keahlian dan kepercayaan.

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