Determinan Perilaku Konsumsi Makanan Cepat Saji pada Remaja menurut Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/mpk.v3i1.5408Keywords:
Fast Food, Remaja, Theory Of Planned Behavior, Perilaku Konsumsi, Literature ReviewAbstract
Konsumsi makanan cepat saji (fast food) pada remaja dan mahasiswa menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat seiring perubahan gaya hidup modern yang menekankan kepraktisan dan kecepatan, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai masalah kesehatan fisik maupun psikososial apabila tidak terkontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun literature review mengenai perilaku konsumsi fast food pada remaja dan mahasiswa dengan menggunakan kerangka Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) sebagai dasar analisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah narrative literature review terhadap enam artikel penelitian empiris yang diperoleh melalui penelusuran Google Scholar dan dipublikasikan dalam jurnal ilmiah pada periode 2016–2024, dengan fokus pada tiga konstruk utama TPB yaitu sikap, norma subjektif, dan perceived behavioral control. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sikap positif terhadap fast food, khususnya persepsi rasa yang enak, kepraktisan, dan popularitas, merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dalam mendorong niat serta perilaku konsumsi, diikuti oleh pengaruh norma subjektif yang terbentuk melalui teman sebaya, lingkungan sosial, dan paparan media digital. Selain itu, rendahnya perceived behavioral control berkaitan dengan keterbatasan kemampuan individu dalam mengendalikan pilihan makanan sehingga meningkatkan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Beberapa penelitian dengan desain intervensi juga menunjukkan bahwa edukasi berbasis TPB efektif dalam meningkatkan kontrol perilaku yang dirasakan, mengubah sikap, dan menurunkan perilaku konsumsi fast food pada remaja dan mahasiswa. Kesimpulannya, upaya pengendalian konsumsi fast food pada kelompok usia ini memerlukan pendekatan promosi kesehatan yang komprehensif dan berkelanjutan yang tidak hanya berfokus pada peningkatan pengetahuan, tetapi juga pada perubahan sikap, norma sosial, dan perceived behavioral control, serta dukungan lingkungan yang mendukung terbentuknya perilaku makan yang lebih sehat.
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