Theoretical Perspectives of Police Science and Their Implementation in Police Duties

Tagor Hutapea; Alexander Evan; Rahmadsyah Lubis

doi:10.47134/jsd.v3i4.5614

Authors

Tagor Hutapea Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kepolisian
Alexander Evan Universitas Glasgow
Rahmadsyah Lubis Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kepolisian

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/jsd.v3i4.5614

Keywords:

Police Science, Policing Theory, Evidence-Based Policing, Policing Strategies, Police Legitimacy

Abstract

This study aims to formulate a conceptual understanding of police science and analyse its implementation in policing practices by synthesising global policing literature. The research adopts a qualitative conceptual approach using a systematic literature review of academic publications, including classical and contemporary studies related to policing theories, strategies, and institutional development. The analysis focuses on major policing approaches such as community policing, problem-oriented policing, intelligence-led policing, and evidence-based policing to identify theoretical patterns, developments, and research gaps. The findings indicate that police science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates criminology, sociology, law, and public policy to explain policing institutions, strategies, and practices. The study also finds that the development of police science has shifted towards evidence-based approaches, emphasising the integration of empirical research, professional judgement, and community values in policing decisions. However, most existing studies still concentrate on operational policing strategies rather than positioning police science as a comprehensive academic discipline with a clear theoretical foundation. This study proposes a conceptual definition of police science as an applied interdisciplinary discipline and develops a theoretical framework linking police science, policing strategies, operational practices, and public legitimacy. The findings contribute to strengthening the conceptual foundation of police science and provide direction for integrating scientific knowledge into policing practices.

References

Aerts, H. J. W. L. (2016). The potential of radiomic-based phenotyping in precision medicine. JAMA Oncology, 2(12), 1636–1642.

Aoki, S., Onishi, H., Karube, M., Yamamoto, N., Yamashita, H., & Shioyama, Y. (2023). Comparative analysis of photon stereotactic radiotherapy and carbon-ion radiotherapy for elderly patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel), 15(14), 3633.

Bi, J., Qian, J., Yang, D., Sun, L., Lin, S., & Li, Y. (2022). Dosimetric risk factors for acute radiation pneumonitis in patients with prior receipt of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 828858.

Bradley, J., & Movsas, B. (2016). Radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis in thoracic irradiation. Cancer Treatment Research, 170, 43–64.

Graham, M. V., Purdy, J. A., Emami, B., Harms, W. B., Bosch, W. R., & Lockett, M. A. (1999). Clinical dose-volume histogram analysis for pneumonitis after 3D treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 45(2), 323–329.

Huang, J. W., Lin, Y. H., Chang, G. C., & Chen, J. J. W. (2023). A novel tool to evaluate and quantify radiation pneumonitis: correlation of dosimetric parameters with pneumonia patch volume. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1130406.

Hwang, J., Kim, H., Kim, S. M., & Yang, D. S. (2024). Imaging complexity biomarkers for predicting severe radiation pneumonitis in NSCLC patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Life (Basel), 14(7), 897.

Kim, H., Hwang, J., Kim, S. M., Choi, J., & Yang, D. S. (2024). Computed tomography patterns and clinical outcomes of radiation pneumonitis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Acta Radiologica Open, 13(10), 20584601241288504.

Kong, F.-M., Ten Haken, R. K., Schipper, M. J., Sullivan, M. A., Chen, M., & Lopez, C. (2005). High-dose radiation improved local tumor control and overall survival in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 63(2), 324–333.

Kong, F.-M., Zhao, J., Wang, J., & Faivre-Finn, C. (2021). Radiation-induced lung injury: current evidence and future directions. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 31(2), 155–161.

Lambin, P., Leijenaar, R. T. H., Deist, T. M., Peerlings, J., de Jong, E. E. C., & van Timmeren, J. (2017). Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 14(12), 749–762.

Liu, L., Gao, C., Yang, Y., Tang, M., Zhao, T., & Chen, D. (2025). Induction immunochemotherapy followed by radiotherapy for unresectable locally advanced NSCLC. Radiation Oncology, 20(1), 37.

Marks, L. B., Bentzen, S. M., Deasy, J. O., Kong, F.-M., Bradley, J. D., & Vogelius, I. S. (2010). Radiation dose-volume effects in the lung. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 76(3 Suppl), S70–S76.

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., & Mulrow, C. D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372.

Palma, D. A., Senan, S., Tsujino, K., Barriger, R. B., Rengan, R., & Moreno, M. (2013). Predicting radiation pneumonitis after chemoradiation therapy for lung cancer: an international individual patient data meta-analysis. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 85(2), 444–450.

Sardaro, A., McDonald, F., Bardoscia, L., Lavrenkov, K., Singh, S., & Ashley, S. (2020). Dyspnea in patients receiving radical radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective study. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, 594590.

Shen, T., Sheng, L., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., & Du, X. (2020). High incidence of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis treated with radiotherapy. Journal of Radiation Research, 61(1), 117–122.

Song, Z., Zhang, X., Ma, Y., Ma, S., Feng, Z., & Liu, X. (2025). Adaptive radiation strategy with V20 limitation associates with survival benefit and lower incidence of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in stage III NSCLC patients receiving concurrent immunotherapy and thoracic radiation. Translational Oncology, 51, 102184.

Tonison, J. J., Fischer, S. G., Viehrig, M., Welz, S., Boeke, S., & Zwirner, K. (2019). Radiation pneumonitis after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: institutional data and a systematic review. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 2255.

Tsujino, K., Hashimoto, T., Shimada, T., Yoden, E., Kado, T., & Takada, Y. (2004). Combined analysis of radiation pneumonitis risk factors in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 60(1), 152–158.

Vogelius, I. R., & Bentzen, S. M. (2012). A literature-based meta-analysis of clinical risk factors for development of radiation induced pneumonitis. Acta Oncologica, 51(8), 975–983.

Walls, G. M., McMahon, M., Moore, N., Nicol, P., Bradley, G., & Whitten, G. (2023). Clinicoradiological outcomes after radical radiotherapy for lung cancer in patients with interstitial lung disease. BJR Open, 5(1), 20220049.

Xu, K., Liang, J., Zhang, T., Zhou, Z., Chen, D., & Feng, Q. (2021). Clinical outcomes and radiation pneumonitis after concurrent EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and radiotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Thoracic Cancer, 12(6), 814–823.

Yang, S., Yao, Y., Dong, Y., Liu, J., Li, Y., & Yi, L. (2021). Prediction of radiation pneumonitis using genome-scale flux analysis of RNA-seq derived from peripheral blood. Frontiers in Medicine (Lausanne), 8, 715961.

Yekta, Z., Pourali, Ghasemi-rad, M., Ravanyar, & Nezhadrahim. (2011). Clinical and behavioral factors associated with management outcome in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 371. https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s25309