Analysis of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in Pediatric HIV/AIDS Patients with Comorbidities at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang Based on Reliability and Risk Ratings

Elsa Marsellinda

doi:10.47134/scpr.v3i2.5952

Authors

Elsa Marsellinda Universitas Baiturrahmah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/scpr.v3i2.5952

Keywords:

HIV/AIDS, Pediatric, Drug-Drug Interaction, Reliability Rating, Risk Rating

Abstract

To analyze potential drug-drug interactions among pediatric HIV/AIDS patients with comorbidities at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang based on reliability and risk ratings. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using medical records of pediatric HIV/AIDS patients treated in 2024. Potential DDIs were identified using the Lexicomp Drug Interactions Database. A total of 53 patients were included. Most patients were male (50.94%) and in the child age group (49.06%). A total of 107 potential drug-drug interactions were identified. Most interactions were classified as Good based on reliability rating (77.57%) and Category C (Monitor Therapy) based on risk rating (80.37%). No Category X interactions were found. Potential drug-drug interactions were common among pediatric HIV/AIDS patients with comorbidities, with most interactions requiring therapeutic monitoring.

References

Bae, S., Kim, J., & Lee, H. (2020). Drug-drug interactions among pediatric HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 25(6), 512–519.

Beringer, P., & Winter, M. E. (2021). Basic clinical pharmacokinetics (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Calcagno, A., Cusato, J., Simiele, M., & Di Perri, G. (2021). Clinical relevance of drug–drug interactions in HIV-infected patients. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 17(4), 425–437.

Courlet, P., Alves Saldanha, S., Cavassini, M., & Marzolini, C. (2020). Drug–drug interactions between antiretroviral treatments and direct-acting antivirals. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 59(9), 1115–1133.

De Sanctis, V., Soliman, A. T., Daar, S., Elsedfy, H., Di Maio, S., El Kholy, M., & Yassin, M. (2022). Retrospective observational studies: Lights and shadows for medical research. Acta Biomedica, 93(6), e2022315.

Ferrand, R. A., Simms, V., Dauya, E., Bandason, T., McHugh, G., Mujuru, H., & Cowan, F. M. (2021). The impact of HIV in adolescents and older children. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 5(8), 568–580.

Flynn, P. M., & Abrams, E. J. (2019). Growing up with perinatal HIV. AIDS, 33(4), 597–603.

Hazra, R., Siberry, G. K., & Mofenson, L. M. (2018). Growing up with HIV: Children, adolescents, and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection. Annual Review of Medicine, 69, 169–185.

Kakuda, T. N., & Fletcher, C. V. (2009). Pharmacology and drug interactions of antiretroviral agents. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 23(3), 705–735.

Kearns, G. L., Abdel-Rahman, S. M., Alander, S. W., Blowey, D. L., Leeder, J. S., & Kauffman, R. E. (2003). Developmental pharmacology—Drug disposition, action, and therapy in infants and children. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(12), 1157–1167.

Lexicomp. (2024). Lexicomp drug interactions database. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information.

Lowenthal, E. D., Bakeera-Kitaka, S., Marukutira, T., Chapman, J., Goldrath, K., & Ferrand, R. A. (2019). Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(7), e259–e268.

Marzolini, C., Back, D., Weber, R., Furrer, H., Cavassini, M., Calmy, A., & Liverpool Drug Interactions Group. (2022). Recommendations for the management of drug-drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 75(2), 231–245.

Matt, V., & Matthew, H. (2013). The retrospective chart review: Important methodological considerations. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 10, 12.

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2023). HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) progress report 2023. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.

National Institutes of Health. (2024). Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. Department of Health and Human Services.

Patel, P., Shah, N., & Desai, M. (2022). Evaluation of drug interaction risk assessment in hospitalized patients. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 44(3), 721–729.

Rakhmanina, N. (2024). Are we ready for long-acting HIV treatment for adolescents? The Lancet HIV, 11(4), e200–e201.

Seden, K., Back, D., & Khoo, S. (2021). Antiretroviral drug interactions and their clinical significance. HIV Medicine, 22(4), 287–296.

Slogrove, A. L., Sohn, A. H., Sherr, L., & Williams, P. L. (2020). Living and growing with HIV: Adolescent HIV care and treatment. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 15(3), 143–149.

Stockley, I. H. (2023). Stockley’s Drug Interactions (13th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press.

Tatro, D. S. (2023). Drug Interaction Facts. Facts & Comparisons.

UNICEF. (2023). Children, HIV and AIDS: Global snapshot. UNICEF.

Vreeman, R. C., McCoy, B. M., & Lee, S. (2017). Mental health challenges among adolescents living with HIV. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20(Suppl. 3), 21497.

World Health Organization. (2023). Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring. World Health Organization.

World Health Organization. (2024). Global HIV programme: HIV data and statistics. World Health Organization.