Farmakovogilans Berbasis Fasilitas Kesehatan: Peran Apoteker Klinis dalam Pelaporan Kejadian Obat yang Tidak Diinginkan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/scpr.v2i3.5080Keywords:
Farmakovigilans, Apoteker Klinis, Pelaporan ADR, Keselamatan Pasien, Penelitian KualitatifAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran apoteker klinis dalam pelaporan kejadian tidak diinginkan obat (Adverse Drug Reactions/ADR) sebagai bagian dari penguatan sistem farmakovigilans berbasis fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi pustaka terhadap berbagai publikasi ilmiah, laporan resmi, dan artikel akademik terkini yang terbit antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran literatur dan analisis dokumen yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis dengan tahapan identifikasi tema, reduksi data, kategorisasi konsep, dan penarikan kesimpulan secara induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan apoteker klinis secara aktif dalam proses deteksi, dokumentasi, dan pelaporan ADR berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan kualitas serta kuantitas laporan di fasilitas kesehatan. Faktor penentu keberhasilan pelaporan mencakup pelatihan berkelanjutan, dukungan kelembagaan, serta penerapan sistem pelaporan digital. Hambatan utama meliputi keterbatasan waktu, ketidakjelasan prosedur, dan kurangnya insentif institusional. Implikasi temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penguatan kompetensi apoteker, integrasi teknologi informasi, dan dukungan kebijakan yang berkelanjutan merupakan langkah penting dalam menciptakan sistem farmakovigilans yang efektif dan adaptif. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan teori keselamatan pasien dan praktik farmasi klinik dengan menegaskan peran strategis apoteker dalam mencegah risiko terapi obat serta meningkatkan budaya keselamatan di fasilitas kesehatan.
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