Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activity, and Chemical Composition Analysis of Habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) Products Circulating in Medan City Using GC-MS Method

Sofia Bangun; Effendy Putra; Ginda Haro

doi:10.47134/scpr.v2i4.5116

Authors

Sofia Eliasari Br Bangun Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Effendy De Lux Putra Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ginda Haro Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/scpr.v2i4.5116

Keywords:

Habbatussauda, Nigella Sativa, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, GC-MS, Thymoquinone

Abstract

Habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) products marketed in Medan City, Indonesia were analyzed to determine their chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus. Chemical constituents were identified using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that oil-based Habbatussauda preparations exhibited significantly higher antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity compared to powdered products across all tested methods. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of major bioactive compounds, including thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, and p-cymene, which are known to contribute to antioxidant and antibacterial effects. The findings indicate that the formulation type strongly influences the bioactivity of commercial Habbatussauda products. Oil-based preparations demonstrate superior functional properties and may offer greater therapeutic potential than powdered forms. This study provides scientific evidence to support informed consumer selection and quality evaluation of Habbatussauda products.

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