Konsep Social Loafing pada Perusahaan Start-up: A Systematic Literature Riview

Mochammad Rifa Pandu Pratama; Abil Almas Janitra; Abil Almas Janitra; Naila Zakiyatus Sa'adah; Aurellia Putri Argyanto

doi:10.47134/pjp.v3i3.5722

Authors

Mochammad Rifa Pandu Pratama Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Abil Almas Janitra Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Abil Almas Janitra Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Naila Zakiyatus Sa'adah Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Aurellia Putri Argyanto Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/pjp.v3i3.5722

Keywords:

Social Loafing, Start-up, Burnout, Kinerja Tim, Psikologi

Abstract

Kemalasan sosial (social loafing) merupakan tantangan besar bagi produktivitas tim, khususnya di lingkungan perusahaan start-up yang dinamis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana fenomena ini terjadi dan strategi untuk mengatasinya. Melalui metode tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap 23 artikel relevan, penelitian ini mengevaluasi tren perilaku karyawan dalam ekosistem kerja saat ini. Hasil kajian menemukan bahwa kemalasan sosial kini bermutasi menjadi bentuk digital seperti cyberloafing (bersantai menggunakan internet untuk hal pribadi saat jam kerja) dan penurunan daya juang akibat ketergantungan pada otomatisasi Kecerdasan Buatan Generatif (GenAI) yang terbukti memperburuk dinamika tim, memicu kelelahan ekstrem (burnout), dan secara drastis meningkatkan angka pengunduran diri karyawan. Sebagai kesimpulan praktis bagi manajemen start-up, strategi penanggulangan masalah ini tidak bisa lagi hanya mengandalkan pengawasan struktural. Manajer perlu menerapkan pendekatan psikologis dengan memperkuat keadilan organisasi dan menciptakan rasa aman emosional guna menumbuhkan rasa tanggung jawab mandiri pada setiap karyawan.

References

Alatas, N. F., & Williana, E. (2024). The Influence Of Social Loafing And Burnout On Employee Performance PT Tunas Ridean Tbk. International of Management Bussiness and Research, 1(1), 27–41.

Amanuloh, F., & Suwarti, S. (2021). Perbedaan Social Laofing Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin Dan Lama Kerja Pada Karyawan Ud Jibay Melati Tegal. Psimphoni, 1(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.30595/psimphoni.v1i2.8175

Awee, A., Maludin, N., Mohsin, F. H., Raman, G., & Khamar Tazilah, M. D. A. (2024). Effects of Organizational Justice on Social Loafing: The Mediating Role of Felt Obligation. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 12(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.17687/jeb.v12i1.1191

Belal Dahiam Saif Ghaleb. (2024). Social Loafing: Understanding, Mitigating, and Enhancing Group Performance. International Journal of Scientific Multidisciplinary Research, 2(9), 1321–1328. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v2i9.10975

Chakraborty, T., Dhir, S., Al-Busaidi, A. S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Can Remote Work Be Adopted When Phubbing and Cyber Loafing Behavior Are on the Rise? Journal of Global Information Management, 32(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.341800

Chen, C., Song, H., Wang, D., & Wang, B. (2025a). How does perceived organisational support restrain social loafing of employees? The mediating role of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial bricolage. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(1), 100634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100634

Chen, C., Song, H., Wang, D., & Wang, B. (2025b). How does perceived organisational support restrain social loafing of employees? The mediating role of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial bricolage. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100634

Chiu, C.-M., Dliya’ul Haq, M., Hsu, J. S.-C., & Cheng, H.-L. (2026). Exploring social loafing in virtual reality-supported metaverse teamwork. Decision Support Systems, 205, 114637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2026.114637

Christian, E., Emilia, N., & Studi Manajemen, P. (n.d.). Pengaruh Career Plateau, Job Burnout, Social Loafing terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan di Lingkungan PT. Duta Sumber Inti Niaga.

Daryono, D., & Foertsch, C. (2023). The Role of Active Social Loafing and Psychological Encouragement in Human Capital Development. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 14(1), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.v14i1.16746

Ganini, F. (2022). Analisa Strategi Pengembangan Model Bisnis B2B pada Perusahaan e-Commerce Groceries Online PT XYZ. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 6(4), 387–392. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v6i4.19320

Jannah, W., Rahmat Hidayat, M., Zhafira, N. H., & Putra, Z. (n.d.). Social Loafing Dan Turnover Intention Pada Karyawan PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk (Cabang Meulaboh).

Liu, H., Zheng, B., Liu, H., & Lee, M. K. O. (2025). Social loafing in discrepant visibility contexts: The role of perceived aggressive and sociable dominance. Information & Management, 62(1), 104059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2024.104059

Nilawati, N., & Ali, H. (2024). Organizational Culture dan Work Engagement terhadap Employee Performance dengan Social Loafing sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ekobistek, 13(3), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.35134/ekobistek.v13i3.811

Rizqisyah, A., & Rinaldi, M. R. (2025). When Teams Become a Burden: A Study of Social Laziness and Work Productivity in Production Employees. Journal of Social and Industrial Psychology, 14(1), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.15294/sip.v14i1.24242

Rohendi, A., Asriani, A., & Kharisma, D. B. (2023). Regulation for startups in Indonesia: Problems and recommendations. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2276993

Saluja, S., Sinha, S., & Goel, S. (2025). Loafing in the era of generative AI. Organizational Dynamics, 54(3), 101101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2024.101101

Song, D., Deng, Z., & Evans, R. (2026). The impact of intelligent decision support systems on social loafing in the workplace: The role of technology affordance and moral disengagement. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 224, 124482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124482

Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850

Trisna Melati, & Ni Made Purnami. (2025). Peran Kepuasan Pelanggan Dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Niat Berkunjung Kembali Pada Villa Telaga Wana Gianyar. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 14(9), 698–717. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2025.v14.i9.p06

Vveinhardt, J., & Banikonytė, J. (2017). Managerial Solutions that Increase the Effect of Group Synergy and Reduce Social Loafing. Management of Organizations: Systematic Research, 78(1), 109–129. https://doi.org/10.1515/mosr-2017-0019

Yang, F.-H., & Shiu, F.-J. (2023). Evaluating the Impact of Workplace Friendship on Social Loafing in Long-Term Care Institutions: An Empirical Study. Sustainability, 15(10), 7828. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107828

Yusuf, Y., & Sanusi, F. (2024). A Review of the Effects of Social Loafing on Firm’s Performance. In Journal of Accounting and Taxation (Vol. 4, Number 3).