Consumer Protection in Digital Transactions: An Analysis of Regulatory Effectiveness from Legal and Economic Perspectives

Ermini; Ramanata Disurya; Layang Sardana; Sri Husnulwati; Suryati

doi:10.47134/ijlj.v3i3.5240

Authors

Ermini Universitas PGRI Palembang
Ramanata Disurya FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS PGRI PALEMBANG
Layang Sardana Universitas PGRI Palembang
Sri Husnulwati Universitas PGRI Palembang
Suryati Universitas PGRI Palembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v3i3.5240

Keywords:

Consumer Protection, E-Commerce, Digital Regulation, Legal Enforcement, Economic Analysi

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of consumer protection regulations in digital transactions in Indonesia from both legal and economic perspectives. Using a qualitative descriptive method through a library research approach, the study explores relevant laws, government regulations, academic publications, and institutional reports. Data were collected through literature review and document analysis, followed by thematic and inductive interpretation to identify patterns related to legal enforcement, regulatory gaps, and market efficiency. The findings indicate that while Indonesia’s regulatory framework—comprising Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Electronic Trade, and Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection—is normatively comprehensive, its implementation remains weak. The study reveals persistent issues such as overlapping institutional authority, limited enforcement capacity, low consumer literacy, and minimal compliance incentives for digital business actors. From an economic standpoint, these weaknesses contribute to high transaction costs, information asymmetry, and inefficiency in e-commerce markets. The research underscores the need for adaptive, harmonized, and incentive-based regulatory mechanisms to foster a safer and more transparent digital marketplace. It concludes that strengthening inter-agency coordination, enhancing consumer awareness, and promoting digital ethics are crucial to achieving sustainable consumer protection in Indonesia’s growing digital economy.

References

Abraham, D., & P, P. (2024). A Methodological Framework for Descriptive Phenomenological Research. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 47, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241308071

Alamsyah, S., & Hasibuan, F. (2025). Legal Protection for Consumers in E-Commerce Transactions in Indonesia: Contract Validity and Dispute Resolution Effectiveness. PENA LAW: International Journal of Law. https://doi.org/10.56107/penalaw.v3i1.220

Andikatama, A., & Turisno, B. (2024). Consumer Protection Law in the Digital Era. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i07-03

Aulia, M. (2023). Strengthening Legal Mechanisms for Consumer Protection in the Digital Marketplace. Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.2.4.1

Azi, S., Priatni, R. R. D., Pujiati, I., Wijaya, A., Rahmani, A. D., Gumanti, J., Kustiawan, W., & Ruslina, E. (2024). Peran UU ITE dalam Regulasi E-Commerce di Era Digital. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP), 5(1).

Bandaranayake, P. (2024). Application of Grounded Theory Methodology in Library and Information Science Research: An Overview. Sri Lanka Library Review. https://doi.org/10.4038/sllr.v38i2.70

Belotto, M. (2018). Data Analysis Methods for Qualitative Research: Managing the Challenges of Coding, Interrater Reliability, and Thematic Analysis. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3492

Bingham, A. (2023). From Data Management to Actionable Findings: A Five-Phase Process of Qualitative Data Analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231183620

De Elizalde, F. (2025). Fragmenting Consumer Law Through Data Protection and Digital Market Regulations: The DMA, the DSA, the GDPR, and EU Consumer Law. Journal of Consumer Policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-025-09584-3

Doyle, L. M. C., Keogh, B., Brady, A. & McCann, M. (2019). An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25, 443–455.

Dzuhriyan, A., Permana, S., & Gufron, M. (2025). Consumer Legal Protection in Online Transactions: Challenges and Opportunities in Indonesia’s Digital Economy. Justice Voice. https://doi.org/10.37893/jv.v3i1.1017

Fathni, I., & Najwan, J. (2025). Legal Protection for Consumers in E-Commerce Transactions Based on the Civil Code and Consumer Protection Law. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v4i7.178

Fife, S., & Gossner, J. (2024). Deductive Qualitative Analysis: Evaluating, Expanding, and Refining Theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241244856

Granikov, V., Hong, Q., Crist, E., & Pluye, P. (2020). Mixed methods research in library and information science: A methodological review. Library & Information Science Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2020.101003

Habibah, A. (2024). Implementasi Blockchain dalam Meningkatkan Kepastian Hukum dan Penyelesaian Sengketa Kontrak di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia. https://doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v10i2.4812

Hadiwijoyo, S. (2021). Regulasi Publik dan Kebijakan Pemerintah. Gava Media.

Harianti, I., Muthar, A., Setiawan, F., & Prakoso, B. (2024). Legal Transformation in the Digital Age: A Comparative Study of the Impact of New Regulations in the Digital Economy. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v23i1.4178

Homonai, V. (2024). The Impact of Digitalization on the Development of E-Commerce and Its Legal Regulation. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.2.43

Jimenez, S., Berbegal‐Mirabent, J., & De La Torre, R. (2024). How do university libraries contribute to the research process? The Journal of Academic Librarianship. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2024.102930

Kalpokaite, N., & Radivojevic, I. (2018). Demystifying Qualitative Data Analysis for Novice Qualitative Researchers. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2019.4120

Kharisma, D., Tobing, W., Susanti, E., & Aprili, R. (2025). Evaluasi Kebijakan Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Digital di Indonesia: Studi Kebijakan dan Analisis SWOT. Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik. https://doi.org/10.51903/perkara.v2i4.2228

Kurniawan, A. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum dalam Ekonomi Digital: Implikasi terhadap Investasi Pelaku Usaha E-Commerce.

Maharani, A., & Dzikra, A. D. (2021). Fungsi Perlindungan Konsumen dan Peran Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia: Perlindungan, Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha (Literature Review). Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 2(6), 659–666.

Maharani, R., & Prakoso, A. (2024). Perlindungan Data Pribadi Konsumen oleh Penyelenggara Sistem Elektronik dalam Transaksi Digital. Jurnal USM Law Review. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i1.8705

Mariam, C., & Rantung, M. (2025). Legal Protection of Consumers in Electronic Transactions: Its Implementation in the Local Economic Sector of Tomohon. Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora). https://doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v9i3.5629

Moeslim, Y., Maryono, M., & Suasungnern, S. (2025). Legal Protection Of E-Commerce Consumers: A Review Of Regulation and Implementation. Journal Evidence Of Law. https://doi.org/10.59066/jel.v4i1.1086

Paryadi, D. (2018). Pengawasan E-Commerce dalam Undang-Undang Perdagangan dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 48(3), 651–669.

Pratama, I., Maulana, R., Panggabean, F., & Fathurohman, D. (2025). Implementation of Consumer Legal Protection in Electronic Transactions. Indonesian Journal of Business Analytics. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijba.v5i3.14568

Pratt, M. (2025). On the Evolution of Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-111722-032953

Putri, F. F., Mufarrochah, S., Murtadho, A., & Assari, E. (2025). Kajian Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Indonesia dalam Pembelian dan Penjualan Online. Cendekia: Jurnal Hukum, Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(2), 1155–1164.

Rosidah, Z., & Karjoko, L. (2025). Enhancing Consumer Protection in Electronic Transactions in Indonesia. Sriwijaya Law Review. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol9.iss1.3942.pp194-207

Swandari, S., Mahardika, S., & Prayudha, T. (2025). Legal Protection for Consumers in E-Commerce Transactions: Challenges and Solutions in the Digital Era. Journal of Mujaddid Nusantara. https://doi.org/10.62568/jomn.v2i1.289

Silviasari, S. (2020). Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Melalui Sistem Cash On Delivery. Media of Law and Sharia, 1(3), 151–161.

Taufiek, H., Ulhaq, D., Ramadhan, T., Ilham, M., Rahmadini, L., & Siswajanthy, F. (2023). Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi terhadap Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Online. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v1i2.2051

Togia, A., & Malliari, A. (2017). Research Methods in Library and Information Science. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68749

Tusyadiah, H., Fitriani, A., Sari, D., & Maulana, I. (2024). Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Perdagangan Internasional: Tinjauan dari Perspektif Hukum Perdata Internasional. Jurnal Jendela Hukum. https://doi.org/10.24929/jjh.v11i2.4195

Vila‐Henninger, L. D, C., Van Ingelgom, V., Caprioli, M., Teuber, F., Pennetreau, D., Bussi, M. & Gall, C. (2022). Abductive coding: Theory building and qualitative (re)analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 53(4), 968–1001.