Pendekatan Hukum Humaniter terhadap Kegiatan Operasional TNI dalam Menangani Separatisme Bersenjata di Papua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v2i4.3978Keywords:
Hukum Humaniter, Konflik Bersenjata, Papua, Perlindungan Sipil, TNIAbstract
Konflik bersenjata yang terjadi di Papua antara aparat militer Republik Indonesia dan kelompok separatis seperti Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM) serta Tentara Pembebasan Nasional Papua Barat (TPNPB), telah berlangsung selama beberapa dekade dan menunjukkan intensitas kekerasan yang signifikan. Meskipun pemerintah Indonesia tidak secara eksplisit menyatakan situasi di Papua sebagai konflik bersenjata non-internasional (Non-International Armed Conflict/NIAC), kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan keterlibatan aktor non-negara bersenjata dan penggunaan kekuatan militer reguler yang terus meningkat. Hal ini menimbulkan dilema hukum terkait legalitas tindakan militer, serta urgensi penerapan prinsip-prinsip dasar Hukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI) dalam operasi militer di dalam negeri. Masalah ini penting untuk segera diselesaikan karena dampaknya yang terus meluas terhadap keamanan nasional, perlindungan hak asasi manusia, dan stabilitas sosial-politik baik di tingkat lokal maupun nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian kegiatan operasional TNI dalam menangani separatisme bersenjata di Papua dengan prinsip-prinsip HHI, yaitu prinsip distinction, proportionality, dan military necessity. Melalui pendekatan yuridis-normatif, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip HHI belum optimal karena berbagai kendala, mulai dari ketidakjelasan status hukum konflik, minimnya regulasi teknis nasional, hingga absennya evaluasi strategis terhadap dampak operasi militer terhadap warga sipil. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menyoroti perlunya reformasi kebijakan keamanan dan transparansi operasi militer sebagai bagian dari tanggung jawab hukum dan moral negara dalam melindungi hak asasi manusia serta menjaga legitimasi di mata hukum internasional. Oleh karena itu, penguatan kerangka hukum nasional yang selaras dengan HHI merupakan langkah strategis dalam menyelesaikan konflik Papua secara damai dan berkeadilan.
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