Tindak Pidana Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Berat sebagai Kejahatan Luar Biasa di Indonesia

Rafela Ashyla Zahra; Luthfi Abdurrahman; Asmak Ui Husnoh

doi:10.47134/ijlj.v1i4.2375

Authors

Rafela Ashyla Zahra Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pakuan Bogor
Luthfi Abdurrahman Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pakuan Bogor
Asmak Ui Husnoh Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pakuan Bogor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v1i4.2375

Keywords:

Pelanggaran HAM berat, Kejahatan Luar Biasa, Perlindungan HAM, Hukum Pidana, Indonesia

Abstract

Pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia (HAM) adalah pelanggaran yang sangat keji yang termasuk dalam klasifikasi kejahatan luar biasa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji landasan hukum dan sifat mendesak dari penetapan pelanggaran HAM yang berat sebagai kejahatan luar biasa di Indonesia. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, yang menggabungkan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia diatur dalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 terkait dengan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang berat. Namun demikian, penerapannya masih terbatas dan belum diklasifikasikan sebagai kejahatan luar biasa. Dengan mengklasifikasikan pelanggaran HAM berat sebagai kejahatan luar biasa, Indonesia dapat memperkuat komitmennya untuk melindungi hak asasi manusia, meningkatkan upaya pencegahan dan penghukuman, dan memperkuat keamanan di sekitar hak asasi manusia. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa undang-undang dan peraturan di Indonesia yang mengatur klasifikasi pelanggaran HAM berat sebagai kejahatan luar biasa harus direvisi.

References

Amiruddin. (2021). Komnas HAM, Investigating Serious Human Rights Violations: Dynamics and Challenges. Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, 5(2), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v5i2.28118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v5i2.28118

Assumpção, S. (2019). Truth commissions and transitional justice: Problems of deliberative moral foundations for think about serious human rights violations against massive numbers of people. Estudos Ibero-Americanos, 45(3), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2019.3.33737 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2019.3.33737

Ausat, M. A. (2022). Upaya Penerapan Ekosida Sebagai Kejahatan Luar Biasa Di Indonesia. LITRA: Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan, Tata Ruang, Dan Agraria, 2(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v2i1.1091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v2i1.1091

Aydin, H. (2020). Intellectual crimes and serious violation of human rights in Turkey: a narrative inquiry. International Journal of Human Rights, 24(8), 1127–1155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1713108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2020.1713108

Bahri, M. T. (2022). Understanding The Pattern of International Migration: Challenges in Human Rights Protection. Jurnal Hukum Unissula, 38(2), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v38i2.21337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v38i2.21337

Claridge, L. (2023). Protected areas, Indigenous rights and land restitution: The Ogiek judgment of the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights and community land protection in Kenya. ORYX, 57(3), 313–324. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605322000989 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605322000989

de Morales Romero, M. M. (2021). Pathways towards corporate liability for serious human rights violations. Politica Criminal, 15(30), 948–992. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992020000200948 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33992020000200948

Ekardt, F. (2023). Legally binding and ambitious biodiversity protection under the CBD, the global biodiversity framework, and human rights law. Environmental Sciences Europe, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00786-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00786-5

Endo, P. (2019). The possible paths of a random government in front of the practice of torture: Notes and perspectives in a context of government support for serious violations of human rights in Brazil. Lua Nova, 108, 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-177193/108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-177193/108

Ezeibe, C. C. (2024). From Protection to Repression: State Containment of COVID-19 Pandemic and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria. Victims and Offenders, 19(2), 301–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2077494 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2077494

Fernández, R. A. A. (2020). International Treaties on Corruption: a Potential Path to Extraterritorially Prosecute Serious Violations of Human Rights Committed By Transnational Companies. Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales, 39. https://doi.org/10.17103/reei.39.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17103/reei.39.15

Grynchak, A. A. (2023). Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as a Constitutional Instrument of European Public Order. Public Organization Review, 23(2), 825–838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00583-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00583-9

Gunawan, Y. (2022). International Human Rights Protection: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence in Asia. Yustisia, 11(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.58872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.58872

Herrera, C. B. (2021). The Historical and Present-Day Role of Non-Governmental Organisations before the Inter-American Human Rights System in Documenting Serious Human Rights Violations and Protecting Human Rights and the Rule of Law Through Ensuring Accountability. Utrecht Law Review, 17(2), 8–25. https://doi.org/10.36633/ulr.672 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36633/ulr.672

Ishak, N. (2022). Constitutional Religious Tolerance in Realizing the Protection of Human Rights in Indonesia. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i1.24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i1.24

Lloret, J. F. (2021). The European Union Restrictive Measures Against Serious Human Rights Violations in The Mediterranean: ¿A Normative Power? Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales, 2021(42). https://doi.org/10.17103/reei.42.09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17103/reei.42.09

Marbun, R. G., Sitompul, D. L., Halawa, M., Pasa, I. P. M., & Purba, G. P. (2020). Tinjauan Yuridis Tindak Pidana Korupsi Sebagai Extra Ordinary Crime. Jurnal Ilmiah Simantek, 4(3), 234–243.

Masyhar, A. (2023). Techno-Prevention in Counterterrorism: Between Countering Crime and Human Rights Protection. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3(3), 625–655. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.176

Mujib, M. M. (2023). Achievements and Challenges of Human Rights Protection Policy in Realizing Good Governance in Indonesia and China. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3(2), 328–360. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.98 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.98

Parra, A. L. (2020). Apparent enmity: The tension between the concept of serious human rights violations of the Inter-American Court with criminal law. Derecho PUCP, 84, 223–269. https://doi.org/10.18800/DERECHOPUCP.202001.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18800/derechopucp.202001.008

Pemerintah. (n.d.). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.

Pemerintah. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

Pemerintah. (1999). Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.

Pemerintah. (2000). Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 Tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia.

Regaña, L. C. (2022). International Summer Course: Gender Approach in Repair For Victims of Serious Human Rights Violations and Its Application to Victims of Franco Repression (Area of Constitutional Law). Anuario de La Facultad de Derecho. Universidad de Extremadura, 38, 992–996.

Setiyono, J. (2021). Ecocides as a Serious Human Rights Violation: A Study on the Case of River Pollution by the Palm Oil Industry in Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 16(8), 1465–1471. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160807

Statua Roma 1998. (1998).

Sumigar, B. R. F. (2020). Pelanggaran Berat HAM dalam RUU KUHP: Tinjauan dari Hukum Internasional. Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum Untuk Keadilan Dan Kesejahteraan, 11(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v11i2.1639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v11i2.1639

Unceta, J. A. P. (2022). The absence of any basis for secession in the right of self-determination of peoples and in the serious violations of human rights. Legal Implications of Territorial Secession in Spain, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04609-4_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04609-4_1

Villiers, C. (2023). A game of cat and mouse: Human rights protection and the problem of corporate law and power. Leiden Journal of International Law, 36(2), 415–438. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156522000632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156522000632