News Framing of the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade Controversy on Kompas.com and Tempo.co

Arrayyan Mafaza Agasta; Roziana Febrianita

doi:10.47134/converse.v3i1.6178

Authors

Arrayyan Mafaza Agasta Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur
Roziana Febrianita Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/converse.v3i1.6178

Keywords:

Agreement on Reciprocal Trade, Framing Analysis, Political Economy of Media, Kompas.com, Tempo.co

Abstract

The signing of the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade (ART) between Indonesia and the United States in early 2026 triggered an economic sovereignty polemic due to a significant asymmetry: 217 obligations for Indonesia versus 6 for the US. This policy was contrastingly constructed by national online news portals. This study aims to compare the news framing of the ART polemic on Tempo.co and Kompas.com. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a constructivism paradigm, data were collected through digital documentation of 12 news texts published between February 20 and March 2, 2026. The texts were analyzed using Robert N. Entman’s Framing Analysis and Vincent Mosco’s Political Economy of Communication Theory to trace underlying ideological motives. The results demonstrate an extreme divergence. Representing an independent watchdog ideology, Tempo.co framed ART as a threat of economic neocolonialism due to the loss of digital tax authority. Conversely, Kompas.com, operating under a massive media conglomeration, framed ART optimistically as a savior for investment and export stability to avoid market instability. In conclusion, the reality of international policy news on digital platforms is never neutral; it is absolutely dictated by the ownership structure dynamics and the political economy interests of the press institutions.

References

Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (2016). The social construction of reality. In Social theory re-wired (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (Version 9). Sage Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=DLbBDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Qualitative+inquiry+and+research+design:+Choosing+among+five+approaches&ots=-iv36eDWWB&sig=vNRsjcoQaiK8jEAviCoqKUFzETw

Darmawan, A. (2026, February 25). Asimetris substansi perjanjian dagang AS-Indonesia. KOMPAS.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2026/02/25/12022521/asimetris-substansi-perjanjian-dagang-as-indonesia

Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Towards clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x

Estherina, I. (2026, February 20). Apa saja kesepakatan Indonesia-AS senilai US$ 33 miliar. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/apa-saja-kesepakatan-indonesia-as-senilai-us-33-miliar-2116580

Hill, D. T. (2006). The press in New Order Indonesia (Version 12). Equinox Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=joGf9_V8fmoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA7&dq=Hill,+D.+T.+(1994).+The+press+in+New+Order+Indonesia.+University+of+Western+Australia+Press.&ots=-4TV7ExDA3&sig=_dYUhU9WV_9ycCk1JtwTRMaLc2E

M.A, D. D. M., & Eriyanto. (2002). Analisis framing: Konstruksi, ideologi, dan politik media (Version 148). LKiS Pelangi Aksara.

Martha, J., Harsawaskita, A., Syawfi, I., & Margono, V. T. (2022). Analisis framing: Pemberitaan media massa mengenai kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam menanggapi rivalitas Amerika Serikat dan China (2019–2022). Dinamika Global: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 7(2), 247–273. https://ejournal.fisip.unjani.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-dinamika-global/article/view/1070

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis (Version 13). Sage. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3CNrUbTu6CsC&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=Miles,+M.+B.,+Huberman,+A.+M.,+%26+Salda%C3%B1a,+J.+(2014).+Qualitative+data+analysis:+A+methods+sourcebook+(3rd+ed.).+SAGE+Publications&ots=Lj9YloTJ7c&sig=-HCF-2rTR2IPbT_nEL7il901wlI

Mosco, V. (2009). The political economy of communication. https://www.torrossa.com/gs/resourceProxy?an=4913650&publisher=FZ7200

Piri, I. E. (2026, March 2). Setelah Amerika melarang Indonesia memungut pajak digital. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/perjanjian-dagang-larangan-pajak-digital-2118793

Pratiwi, A. N. (2026a). Kewajiban Indonesia vs Amerika di perjanjian dagang. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/kewajiban-indonesia-vs-amerika-di-perjanjian-dagang-2116559

Pratiwi, A. N. (2026b). Perjanjian dagang: RI wajib ikut jika AS boikot negara lain. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/perjanjian-dagang-ri-wajib-ikut-jika-as-boikot-negara-lain-2116606

Respati, A. R., & Djumena, E. (2026, February 21). Ekonom sebut perjanjian tarif resiprokal AS rugikan Indonesia, ini alasannya. KOMPAS.com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2026/02/21/161600526/ekonom-sebut-perjanjian-tarif-resiprokal-as-rugikan-indonesia-ini-alasannya

Rizky, D., & Arief, T. M. V. (2026, February 28). Ekonom ramai kritik perjanjian dagang RI–AS, pemerintah pede tetap jalan. KOMPAS.com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2026/02/28/083714426/ekonom-ramai-kritik-perjanjian-dagang-rias-pemerintah-pede-tetap-jalan

Rizky, D., & Djumena, E. (2026, February 27). Ekonom ini sebut perjanjian dagang dengan AS bikin posisi RI di bawah kendali asing. KOMPAS.com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2026/02/27/160600726/ekonom-ini-sebut-perjanjian-dagang-dengan-as-bikin-posisi-ri-di-bawah-kendali

Setiawan, S. R. D. (2026, February 22). Perjanjian dagang Indonesia dan AS, apa manfaatnya untuk ekonomi RI? KOMPAS.com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2026/02/22/194000926/perjanjian-dagang-indonesia-dan-as-apa-manfaatnya-untuk-ekonomi-ri-

Shoemaker, P. J., & Vos, T. (2009). Gatekeeping theory. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203931653

Sinambela, L. (2025). Analisis framing model Robert N. Entman pada kasus korupsi Pertamina: Studi pada Kompas.com dan Tempo.co. Law and Communication Journal, 1(1), 33–41. https://jurnalsjam.com/lcj/article/view/10

Steele, J. E. (2005). Wars within: The story of Tempo, an independent magazine in Soeharto’s Indonesia (Version 146). Tempo Publishing.

Syahira, F., Romadlan, S., & Pamungkas, A. (2025). Media framing of sustainable development in Indonesia’s new capital: A comparative analysis of Antaranews.com and Tempo.co using Entman’s model. Sinthop: Media Kajian Pendidikan, Agama, Sosial dan Budaya, 4(1), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.69548/sinthop.v4.i1.38.135-150

Triyono, A. (2021). Metode penelitian komunikasi kualitatif. Bintang Pustaka Madani.

Ulya, F. N., & Prabowo, D. (2026, February 20). Indonesia-AS resmi teken perjanjian tarif resiprokal. KOMPAS.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2026/02/20/09005871/indonesia-as-resmi-teken-perjanjian-tarif-resiprokal

Yuantisya, M. (2026a). Celios nilai perjanjian dagang Indonesia-AS sebagai ancaman. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/celios-nilai-perjanjian-dagang-indonesia-as-sebagai-ancaman-2116653

Yuantisya, M. (2026b). Pemerintah jelaskan alasan sepakati perjanjian dagang AS. Tempo. https://www.tempo.co/ekonomi/pemerintah-jelaskan-alasan-sepakati-perjanjian-dagang-as-2117004