Pharmacotherapy of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Descriptive Literature Review of Mechanism of Action and Clinical Rationale

Suwahyuni Mus

doi:10.47134/scpr.v2i4.5339

Authors

Suwahyuni Mus Universitas Almarisah Madani Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/scpr.v2i4.5339

Keywords:

Penyakit Refluks Gastroesofageal, Inhibitor Pompa Proton, Penghambat Asam Kompetitif Kalium

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis pendekatan farmakoterapi terhadap Penyakit Refluks Gastroesofageal (GERD) dengan menelaah mekanisme aksi, landasan klinis, dan paradigma pengobatan yang berkembang. Proses penelusuran literatur mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) melalui basis data internasional seperti PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink. Data dianalisis secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasi fokus farmakoterapi GERD. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Inhibitor Pompa Proton (IPP) tetap menjadi terapi utama karena efektivitasnya dalam menekan asam lambung dan mempercepat penyembuhan mukosa, namun munculnya kasus refraktori terhadap IPP mendorong pengembangan Penghambat Asam Kompetitif Kalium (PCAB) yang menawarkan onset lebih cepat, kontrol asam lebih kuat, dan stabilitas farmakodinamik yang lebih baik. Selain itu, integrasi agen prokinetik, pelindung mukosa, serta terapi herbal menunjukkan tren menuju pendekatan multimodal yang menargetkan motilitas, integritas mukosa, dan jalur inflamasi. Studi ini menegaskan pergeseran paradigma dari terapi tunggal berbasis penekanan asam menuju manajemen GERD yang personal, berbasis mekanisme, dan holistik, serta menyoroti pentingnya validasi klinis jangka panjang yang terstandarisasi.

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