Reconstruction of the Limits of Criminalization of Unlawful Elements and Abuse of Authority to Achieve Legal Certainty in Enforcing Criminal Acts of Corruption

Authors

  • Rizal Syamsul Borobudur University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • R Richard Borobudur University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/jcl.v3i3.1.5795

Keywords:

Corruption Law, Administrative Wrong, Corruptive Wrong, Abuse Of Authority

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the disharmony of norms and problems in the implementation of Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, reconstruct the boundaries of criminal liability between administrative wrong and corruptive wrong, and formulate an ideal formulation of legal reform in the perspective of ius constituendum. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, through an analysis of laws and regulations, court decisions, criminal law doctrine, and government administrative law. The results of the study indicate that the main problem lies in the blurring of the boundaries between the elements of unlawfulness, abuse of authority, benefiting oneself or others, and state financial losses, which gives rise to overlapping crimes, disparity in decisions, and a tendency to criminalize administrative errors, official discretion, and business risks of BUMN/BUMD. This study found a reconstruction model in the form of a five-stage separation model, namely a tiered separation between procedural violation, administrative negligence, abuse of office, corrupt intent, and actual state loss as a normative threshold in determining the transformation of maladministration into criminal acts of corruption. Based on these findings, this study recommends a reformulation of Article 2 focused on unlawful enrichment based on wederrechtelijkheid, and Article 3 which is limited to abuse of authority based on deviation from the purpose of authority, elements of intent, and actual state losses, with harmonization with Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration and strengthening safe harbor for official discretion and business decisions of State-Owned Enterprises/Regional-Owned Enterprises. The novelty of this study lies in the normative model of criminalization limitations that provides legal certainty in distinguishing administrative errors and criminal acts of corruption, while simultaneously strengthening the effectiveness of corruption eradication law reform in Indonesia.

References

Amiarsa, P. (2021). Status Delik Korupsi Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/PUU-XIV/2016 Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pengembalian Kerugian Negara. Syiar Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 198-212.

Amrullah, M. D. (2024). Analisis Sifat Melawan Hukum Formil Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Berdasarkan Pasal 2 Dan Pasal 3 Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001. Ta'zir: Jurnal Hukum Pidana, 57-68.

Ariwafa, K. (2023). Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/PUU-XIV/2016 Terhadap Pemaknaan Pasal 4 UU Tipikor. Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik, 183-196.

Ginting, W. B. (2024). Korupsi, Korupsi Masa Jabatan, Kualitas Pemerintahan, Etika dan Hukum. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 831-841.

Halawa, F. (2020). Kebijakan hukum pidana terhadap tindak pidana korupsi penyalahgunaan wewenang dalam jabatan pemerintahan menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014. SOSEK: Jurnal Sosial dan Ekonomi, 41-51.

Hartanti, E. (2023). Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

Kristanto, K. (2019). Implikasi Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/Puu-Xiv/2016 Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi Kerugian Keuangan Negara. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Tambun Bungai, 112.

Kumalaningdyah, N. (2019). Pertentangan Antara Diskresi Kebijakan Dengan Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 481-499.

Manihuruk, T. N. (2022). Penerapan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pedoman Pemidanaan Pasal 2 Dan Pasal 3 Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Pengadilan Negeri Pekanbaru. Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 162-169.

Nahariah, F. (2024). Penerapan Ajaran Turut Serta Dalam Putusan Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Yang Merugikan Keuangan Negara Atau Perekonomian Negara Dan Penyalahgunaan Jabatan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia.

Pahlevi, F. S. (2022). Strategi Ideal Pemberantasan Korupsi di Indonesia. Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal of Law and Family Studies, 44.

Putra, R. P. (2021). Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.

Rini, N. S. (2018). Penyalahgunaan kewenangan administrasi dalam undang undang tindak pidana korupsi. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 257-274.

Saputra, D. E. (2018). Implikasi Hukum Atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/Puu-Xiv/2016 Terhadap Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korups. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran , 1-18.

Sayogaramasatya, I. G. (2021). Sanksi Pidana terhadap Pejabat Negara yang Melakukan Korupsi atas Penyalahgunaan Wewenang. Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum, 168-173.

Shintawulan, D. R. (2024). Analisis dampak penyalahgunaan wewenang terhadap tindak pidana korupsi. Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Manajemen dan Bisnis, 379-388.

Sugiantari, A. A. (2017). Penanggulangan tindak pidana korupsi dalam perspektif penggunaan wewenang oleh pejabat publik. Jurnal Advokasi, 117.

Syamsuddin, A. R. (2020). Pembuktian Penyalahgunaan Wewenang Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa. Jambura Law Review, 161-181.

Tryana, W. V. (2024). Analisis Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dengan Penyalagunaan Jabatan Dalam Bentuk Penyuapan Aktif. Selodang Mayang: Jurnal Ilmiah Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, 233-240.

Waluyo, B. (2022). Pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi: Strategi dan optimalisasi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-05

How to Cite

Syamsul, R., & R Richard. (2026). Reconstruction of the Limits of Criminalization of Unlawful Elements and Abuse of Authority to Achieve Legal Certainty in Enforcing Criminal Acts of Corruption. Journal Customary Law, 3(3.1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.47134/jcl.v3i3.1.5795

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.